EE-IMG

Drugs Tamoxifene Raloxifene MOA Competitive inhibitor of estrogen binding Mixed agonist/antagonist action Indications Prevention of breast cancer in high-risk patients Tamoxifene: adjuvant treatment…

Parameter Equation Note Half-life Vd x 0.7 / CL Steady-state concentration is achieved in 4-5 half-lives Maintenance dose C ss x CL x dosing interval Maintenance dose is decreased in patients with…

Etiology Immunologic response to inhaled antigen (mold, animal protein and etc.) Clinical presentation Acute Chronic Abrupt-onset fever, chills, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, leukocytosis Progressive…

Type Note Nontreponemal (RPR, VDRL) - Antibody to cardiolipin-cholesterol-lecithin antigen- Lower sensitivity in early infection Treponemal (FTA-ABS, TP-EIA) - Antibody to treponemal antigens -…

Clinical features Deficits in social communications & interactions with onset in early development Sharing of emotions or interests Nonverbal communication Developing & understanding…

Diuretic effects on total body electrolyte levels Diuretic type Na+ K+ HCO3- Ca2+ Uric Acid Loop (eg. furosemide) ↓↓↓ ↓↓ ↑↑ ↓ ↑ Thiazide (eg, HCTZ, metalazone) ↓↓ ↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ Potassium sparing (eg,…

The infection can communicate in a retrograde fashion into the cavernous sinus through the valveless facial venous system. Most common pathogens: Staph aureus Streptococci Fungal, like Mucor rhizopus

Glucogenic Ketogenic Both Aspartate Lysine Tyrosine Asparagine Leucine Phenylalanine Arginine Threonine Proline Isoleucine Histidine Tryptophan Glutamine Glutamic acid Methionine Valine Glycine…

Epidemiology Endemic in developing countries Pathogenesis Occurs 2-4 weeks after acute group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Molecular mimicry: Anti-streptococcal antibodies attack cardiac &…

Nucleus Function Ventromedial Mediates satiety, destruction leads to hyperphagia Lateral Mediates hunger; destruction leads to anorexia Anterior Mediates heat dissipation; destruction leads to…

Parameter Hypovolemic shock Cardiogenic shock Obstructive shock Distributive Shock CVP (right-sided preload) ↓ ↑ ↑ ↓ PCWP (left-sided preload) ↓ ↓ ↓* ↓ Cardiac index (LV output) ↓ ↓ ↓ ↑** SVR ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓…

Etiology Genetic dystrophy Progressive retinal degeneration (photoreceptors, pigmented epithelium) Clinical features Loss of rods: Night blindness Peripheral visual field loss Loss of cones:…

Decrease intake Starvation, anorexia Intracellular translocation Insulin (eg, treatment of DKA, refeeding syndrome) B-adrenergic activity Pharmacologic (eg, albuterol, dobutamine) Stress-induced (eg,…

Pathogenesis Deposition of lgA immune complexes in small vessels activate complement Neutrophilic inflammation & vascular damage Often follows an upper respiratory infection Clinical…

Pathogenesis Fecal-oral transmission (eg., contaminated water, animal contact) graph LR A[Oocyte ingestion] --> B[Sporozoite attachment to intestinal epithelium] B --> C[Intraluminal meront…

graph LR A[Polypeptide capsule composed of D-glutamic acid] --> B[Antiphagocytic]

Type Onset Etiology Pathophysiology Hyperacute Minutes to hours Preformed host antibodies to donor ABO or HLA Neutrophilic infiltration with fibrinoid necrosis and thrombosis Acute ≤ 6 months…

Epidemiology graph LR A[Transient/persistent fungemia] --> B[Hematogenous dissemination to the choroid] B --> C[Invasion of the retina & fluid chambers] Risk factors: Indwelling central…